— Engaging Racial/Ethnic Minority Students in Out-of-Class Activities on Predominantly White Campuses Viannda M. Hawkins and Heather J. Larabee

In this chapter, we summarize the developmental needs of and challenges faced by rst-year racial/ethnic minority students at PWIs, with a focus on barriers to engagement in out-of-class activities. Specically, we describe these students’ experiences in ve areas and then consider these issues through appropriate theoretical lenses. We conclude by oering several innovative approaches to actively engaging rst-year racial/ ethnic minority students in clubs, organizations, and activities on predominantly White campuses.