ABSTRACT
Putting these risk approaches in context, the Van Brunschot and Kennedy chapter examines the different stages of risk: the run-up to an event, the incident itself, and its aftermath. In their piece, the authors suggest that risk operates at all levels of criminological analysis and changes its character at different stages of the crime incident. In addition, depending on the level of analysis (individual, institution, or state) risk analysis has been applied in various ways to identify, control, respond to, or prevent crime. The authors remind us that we are often confronted with uncertainty about how and why crime may occur but risk models provide tools for monitoring through surveillance and direct identification of hazards that can lead to bad outcomes.
