ABSTRACT
A Abstract Specifications, OGC 146, 149 accident 47, 206, 315, 323, 362 accuracy 42, 105, 108, 111-115, 191-192,
193, 217, 282, 298, 342 agent based 303 aggregation 125, 154, 260, 262, 263, 265, 369 agile sensor 124-125, 137 airborne laser scanning 59-62 airborne remote sensing 44, 69 alert systems 8, 16 altitude range 49-53 angle of arrival (AOA) 190, 196 analogue 45, 57, 210 anticipate 281, 285 AP-tree 129, 130-131 architecture, engineering and construction
(AEC) 145, 258, 259 arrival 198, 337-338, 339, 364 asset 112, 130, 172, 300, 318, 358 ASTER 84-85, 86 augmented reality (AR) 257, 270, 307-308
B B-tree 128, 129, 130, 131 balloon 48, 49, 53 band 66, 78, 82, 84, 85, 86, 92 barometer 108 Bluetooth 187, 197 bookmark 222, 229-231, 234-235 building interior 145, 268, 269
C CAVE 211, 213 CCD digital camera 107, 108, 117 cellular networks 187, 190, 191, 356 change detection 47, 61, 62 CityGML 152, 257 closed circuit television (CCTV) 169 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 191 collaborative analysis 222 collaborative visualization 232-237 Combinatorial Data Model (CDM) 150 commander 362, 363, 366, 371 computer-aided design (CAD) 152, 153, 355
computer-aided dispatch 355-357 constraint 45, 127, 128, 260, 336 contour lines 57, 367 constructive solid geometry (CSG) 152, 272 copyrights 22-25 cost 46, 53, 111, 125, 159, 277 CR-tree 129, 130 crisis management 315-316, 317 critical infrastructure interdependency 9, 281 cubic mouse 214
D DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML)
251 database management system (DBMS) 146,
147-148, 150 data sharing 13, 292 data integrity 10, 67-69 deployment time 45-46 decision making 169, 170, 220, 254,
283-285, 331-332, 366 departure 22, 26, 331, 334, 336, 340, 343 detection 63, 67, 77-78, 218, 307 digital national framework (DNF) 275, 290,
291, 292-293 digital elevation model (DEM) 47, 61-62, 82,
157, 171, 367 digital surface model (DSM) 58, 61, 62 digital terrain model (DTM) 61, 259, 265-266 direct georeferencing 56, 104-105, 109-111 disaster management 3-9, 97, 101, 156, 243,
257, 327, 321, 325 Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) 97,
98 dispersion 366 dissemination 220, 231-232 distributed environment 9, 108, 117, 325, 342 distributed GIS 9, 11, 325 drone 54 dynamic database 115, 145, 165
E earth observation satellite 77-78 emergency management 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, 18,
143, 144, 203, 283, 364, 365-366
emergency operation centre (EOC) 7, 14 emergency response 5, 8, 15, 21, 24-25,
31-32, 34-36, 38, 44, 69, 97, 104, 143, 144-145, 153-161, 170, 171, 187, 248-253, 257, 268-270, 351
emergency service 218, 291, 298, 320, 322, 323
enterprise service bus (ESB) 7, 14, 16 evacuation 103, 145, 157, 165, 324-325, 329,
361 explore 222, 228-229
F fire service 351 first responders 190, 351, 362, 363 flood 44, 47, 67, 217, 243, 245, 270, 321,
322, 329, 332 forecasting 130, 217, 322, 323
G gas plume 324 geocoding 158, 191 geographic information system (GIS) 4, 127,
169, 249, 276, 298, 307, 351 geoinformation for disaster management
(Gi4DM) 313 Geography Markup Language (GML) 10,
249, 250, 258, 259, 262, 304 Geometric Network Model (GNM) 150, 155 geometric model 145-148, 150, 153, 155 geometric object 146 georeferencing 56, 104-105, 114 geospatial information 3, 8, 21, 104, 143,
154, 243, 275, 317, 326 geospatial information technology 3, 21,
145, 243, 257, 275, 317, 319, 325, 326, 327
geostationary orbits 76, 78 geovisualization 226, 235, 268 generalization 10, 259, 301, 303, 368 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) 258 global positioning system (GPS) 56, 59, 60,
64, 108, 109, 111, 113, 158, 169, 170, 187, 193, 200, 269, 298, 324, 355-356
global system for mobile communications (GSM) 170, 191, 193
glove 214 graph 148-151, 155, 156, 173, 268 graphic user interface (GUI) 226, 227, 228,
238 gravity gauge 108 ground coverage 48, 53, 76, 86, 88, 97
H hazard 68, 276, 279, 281, 359, 367-368, 369 hazardous material 14, 356, 357, 359,
360-361, 362 Head Mounted Display (HMD) 211,
212-213, 270 heterogeneity 243, 244 HR-tree 129 humanitarian 31, 38, 39 hyperspectral sensor 78, 100, 107
I Ikonos 79, 85-87, 90, 95, 107 image fusion 94-95 immersiveness 207, 208-214 Implementation Specifications, OGC 146,
148, 149 indexing method 123, 128-130, 134, 137 index consistency control (ICC) 128, 131 indoor positioning 158, 187, 193, 195, 208 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) 151, 152,
153, 208, 258, 271 inertial measurement unit (IMU) 56, 57, 59,
60, 64, 68, 108, 110, 111, 112 inertial navigation system (INS) 108, 109,
114, 115, 117, 118 infrared data association (IrDA) 187 infrastructure 5, 8, 9, 99, 101, 105, 109, 187,
191-193, 193-198, 257-258, 300, 314, 317-321
integrated emergency management (IEM) 275-309
intelligent transportation system (ITS) 104, 144, 170, 173
interaction 66, 204, 207, 209, 214, 217, 220, 224, 342
information exchange model 5 information extraction 67, 68, 107, 117 incident 15, 66, 170, 176, 177, 179, 189, 279,
282, 294, 296, 300, 313, 323-324, 353, 355, 258, 360, 362, 364, 365, 366, 371, 372
incident management system (IMS) 14, 15 interoperability 6, 16-17, 144, 223, 238, 249,
250, 254, 258, 259, 283, 300, 305, 308
J Java 133, 135, 150, 320
K Katrina Hurricane 6 Kd-tree 128, 131, 134 kinematic 105
Kite Aerial Photography (KAP) 53 knowledge-based system 220
L Landsat 64, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 91 laser scanner 46, 59, 60, 61, 108 laser range finder 59, 108 levels of detail (LOD) 151, 152, 156, 157,
258, 259, 260, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269 LIDAR 59, 104, 115, 301, 302, 303 liability 30, 32-36 local area network (LAN) 191, 192, 195, 196 location-aware 157, 187, 191, 201 location-based service (LBS) 104, 158, 187,
191, 192, 193, 196, 306, 320 location fingerprinting 194, 195
M memory saturation 126, 130, 137-140 metadata 247, 248, 262, 319 METEOSAT 222 Mitigation 29, 144, 280, 358 mobile mapping 103 mobile emergency applications 18, 236-237,
364 mobile sensor 117, 125, 132 monospectral sensors 78 mosaic 57, 59 Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) 178 multilevel 107, 117, 143, 145, 158, 164, 172,
175 multipolygon 146-147, 154 multispectral sensors 47, 78, 79, 94, 95
N navigation 14, 60, 104, 105, 109, 157, 171,
180, 194, 198, 236, 269 natural disaster 5, 28, 100, 103, 358, 365 near polar orbits 76-77 non-immersive 206, 207, 211
O oblique imaging 48, 49, 96, 97 on-demand 303, 304, 305 ontology 247, 248-253, 305-306 Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) 10, 145,
146, 258, 319, 320 optical images 66, 82, 92-93 orthophoto 57, 58, 59
P Panorama 57, 212, 214 PasTree 130, 134, 135,136,137
parachutes 53, 69 payload 44, 53, 54 pixel resolution 211 planning 9, 13, 18,151, 157, 172, 206, 222,
253, 263, 269, 25, 280, 282, 285, 317, 357-362
Poincaré Duality 155 polarization 66, 67 polyhedron 146, 148, 150 portal, geo-portal 13, 14, 246, 252 PoTree 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 precision 45, 57, 61, 90, 190, 249, 288, 294 predict 39, 130, 165, 270, 322, 341, 343, 348 preparedness 5, 6, 13, 18, 48, 144, 206, 280,
359, 362 processing time 47, 131 presentation 124, 143, 145, 151, 205, 220,
221, 222, 232, 277, 320 Protégé 251, 252, 253
Q QuickBird 79, 85-86, 87, 90, 91, 95,
99, 107
R R-tree 129, 130, 131, 137 radar 43, 44, 46, 47, 53, 65-66, 67, 78, 82,
87, 90, 94, 100, 190, 236, 323 radio frequency identification (RFID) 187,
192, 193, 195 RADARSAT 25, 29, 87, 88, 89, 93 rainfall 25, 29, 87, 88, 89, 93 raster data 146, 300 real-time queries 124, 130, 134 recovery 4, 15, 54, 56, 104, 144, 279, 289,
306, 314 relief 29, 46, 59, 61, 62, 99 remote control 44, 48, 53, 54, 205, 208 remote sensing 15, 22-23, 24-27, 28, 43, 44,
46, 47, 62, 63, 69, 75, 78, 90, 97, 100, 308 repeat cycle 75, 76, 79, 97, 100 resource description framework (RDF) 251,
252, 253, 254 response 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 21, 24-25, 31-36,
38, 44, 65, 77, 79, 90, 143, 153, 187, 243, 248-253, 257, 268-270,353, 362-364, 369, 371
review 4, 6-12, 43, 66, 103, 145-152, 170, 209, 218, 317, 332-334, 358,
risk management 123, 229, 305, 321, 351 road network 115, 162, 170, 171-173,
176-178, 180, 190, 191, 293, 313, 360 route navigation 171
S satellite remote sensing 15, 22-23, 27, 75, 97,
99, 100, 101 scalable vector graphics language (SVG) 251,
301, 304 scenario 30, 61, 72, 161, 162, 170, 175, 192,
206, 207, 211, 235, 246, 262, 321-325 SEB-tree 129 security 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 24, 36-38, 101, 280,
300, 314-315,316,317 semantic heterogeneity 247, 253 semantic interoperability 244, 250, 257, 258,
305 service oriented architecture (SOA) 14, 16 shortest path 150, 158, 159-160, 161, 162,
165, 173, 268, 356 slope gradient 178 spatial analysis 18, 143, 151, 153, 159, 171,
175 spatial data infrastructure (SDI) 5, 248, 257,
258, 271, 272, 300, 317 Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS)
145, 153 spatial characteristic 82-97, 153, 243 spatial cognition 174 spatial coverage 45, 57, 75, 78, 79 spatial resolution 26, 44-45, 57, 66, 68, 76,
77, 78, 79, 82, 85, 86, 87, 91, 94, 97, 99-100
spatiotemporal data 123, 126, 128-137 spectral characteristic 78, 82-97 spline 146, 147 SPOT 25, 29, 79, 82, 84, 88, 91 SQL 146, 147, 148, 150 stereo image pair 57 stereo matching 107 StH index 137-140 sun synchronous orbit 77-78 superspectral sensor 78, 84, 100, 101 symbology 7, 14, 300-301, 306, 366 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) 66, 78, 87,
92-94, 107
T tablet 307, 308, 320 television (TV) 187, 199-200, 205, 364 temporal resolution 48, 69, 75, 76, 77, 79, 89,
95, 97, 99, 100 tetrahedron 146 thermal imagery 11 three-dimensional (3D) city model 104,
143, 144, 145, 151-152, 153, 156-157, 257-272
three-dimensional (3D) GIS 143, 144, 145, 149, 152, 158, 159, 169-182, 258, 271, 272
time-critical applications (TCA) 144 time of arrival (TOA) 195, 197, 198 touch screen 108, 362 topological analysis 143 topological model 144, 148-150,153, 155,
160 topological relationships 144, 150, 152, 155,
159, 160, 161, 163 tracking 12, 13, 16, 54, 57, 194, 196, 197,
203, 209, 213-214 traffic management 303, 329, 330, 334, 336,
340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346 training 9, 11, 17, 203-215, 281, 284, 315,
316, 351, 371-373 transformation 14, 150, 172, 243, 292, 299,
308 treat 172, 324
U ubiquitous mapping 103, 115-117 ultralight aircraft 53 ultra wide band (UWB) 187, 199, 200 uncertainty 144, 161, 162, 193, 218, 224,
225, 231, 276, 288, 322 Unified Modelling Language (UML) 127,
154, 259, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) 191, 193 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 47, 48, 54,
69 user-centred 275, 298, 301-302 user needs 163, 301, 302, 304 user requirements 302 utility 44, 46-47, 48, 59, 65, 69, 87, 97, 100,
101, 171, 188-190, 280, 365
V vector data 64, 72, 146, 191, 198, 223, 245 vehicle emergency routing 169-181 visual analytics 217-237 visual user interface 217, 224-226, 236, 238 virtual environments (VE) 165, 215 virtual reality (VR) 62, 151, 165, 203-215,
220 voice recording 108 VRML 259
W warehouse 123, 125, 126, 137, 138 warning 48, 171, 218, 222, 231-232, 277,
322, 323, 324, 332, 342
wavelength 46, 62, 63, 66, 78, 79, 82, 89 web ontology language (OWL) 251, 252, 253,
254 Wi-Fi 187, 192, 193, 196, 200 wildfire 11, 330, 364, 366, 367-372 wireless communication 10, 15, 16, 117, 145,
158, 165, 327 wireless LAN (WLAN) 158, 187, 192, 195,
WLAN fingerprinting 187 WorldWideWeb Consortium (W3C) 249, 251,
254, 301
X X3D 259, 260 XML 10, 16, 238, 248, 249-251, 258, 259,
271, 292, 301
