ABSTRACT
Time and change are inseparable features of dynamic systems theory ( Scheinerman, 1996). Dynamics deal with phenomena of changes among variables and mathematically define change over time among variables. Research in psychology touched on dynamics. For instance, London (1950) used a differential equation to mathematically structure curves of forgetting. Hearon (1951) applied a differential equation to describe a conditioned reflex. Eisler, Holm, and Montgomery (1979) applied a differential equation to psychophysics (see also Eisler, 1963, 1965 for earlier applications). Among many others, Herrnstein (1979) mathematically formulated associative learning by means of differential equations. However, research in the dynamics concept have been sporadically engaged in social sciences over last four decades (Brown, 1988, 1995; Coleman, 1964, 1968; Huckfeldt, Kohfeld, & Likens, 1982; McDowell, Bass, & Kessel, 1993; Neilsen & Rosenfeld, 1981; Newell & Molenaar, 1998; Tuma & Hanna, 1984; Vallicher & Nowak, 1994; Wilson, 1981).
