ABSTRACT
A novel “international policy industry” was born in the early 1980s: Democracy Promotion and Protection (DPP). It has expanded rapidly, almost monotonically, and still shows no signs of abating. The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the impact of DPP on the liberalization of autocratic regimes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and on the consolidation of democratic regimes in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).
