ABSTRACT
The concept that the way in which an individual relates to others can in itself be pathological is today well accepted (Livesley 2001a). Personality gets created out of various mental operations: building self-image, ascribing meaning to the world, performing actions, relating with others and ®nding solutions to the problems presented by one's social environment. There can be a malfunctioning of these operations and, when this spreads to wide areas of interpersonal and inner life, it takes a personality disorder (PD) form.
