ABSTRACT
One approach that may provide a useful direction for advancing PYD research is Greenwald and Cullen’s (1985) translational framework. They suggested that there are fi ve phases of translational research: (1) basic research, (2) methods development, (3) effi cacy trials, (4) effectiveness trials, and (5) dissemination trials. In phase 1, basic research involves the generation of explanatory models and fi ndings that can inform the design of intervention components. During phase 2, research and intervention methods needed to apply basic concepts to
an applied setting are developed. This can include the feasibility testing of novel interventions based on basic behavioral science fi ndings. Phase 3 involves effi cacy trials with a fairly high degree of control to maximize internal validity. Phase 4 involves effectiveness trials: the implementation and testing of intervention programs in real-world conditions. Phase 5 translation involves the evaluation of conditions that facilitate or impede the widespread distribution and adoption of the intervention.
