ABSTRACT
Since the late 1980s Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)1 and the Former Soviet Union (FSU)2 have experienced dramatic political and economic changes. These did not leave the area of old-age security unaffected. Interestingly, the paradigm choices made in CEE and the FSU reflect considerable diversity. Many CEE and FSU countries have embarked on parametric reform, thus changing key characteristics of their existing public pay-as-you-go (PAYG) schemes. A number of transition countries have opted for partial or full pension privatization, thereby following the much-advertised Latin American role models (Müller 1999, 2003). Some countries have introduced notional defined contribution (NDC) plans, designed in Sweden and Italy. Overall, contributory approaches to old-age security, whether publicly or privately organized, have dominated the post-socialist pension reform agenda.
