ABSTRACT
Introduction Pan-Asianism has been defined as a set of ideas, feelings, or attitudes appropriated by Asians to promote solidarity and cooperation within “Asia,” usually against the political, economic, and cultural influence of “the West,” i.e., the Western powers that encroached upon Asia during the modern era. PanAsianism, or Asianism, has national, international, and transnational dimensions. Particularly in Japan, at times it has overlapped with nationalism, in the form of expansionism; at times it has been above all a reaction to Western dominance in Asia; sometimes it is little more than a vague identification with other Asian people(s) or “Asian values.” While Pan-Asianism is expressed in political, economic, and cultural terms, above all it has been determined by changes in international relations.
