Integration of building and urban nD data to support intelligent cities

Those involved in the sophisticated art of city planning use a variety of tools. In particular, several forms of IT based models (graphical, analytical, hybrid) of cities have been in use for a number of years (Hamilton and Davies, 1998). Recently it has become clear that in order to provide a more efficient city management and administration, it is important to integrate information from city authorities, utility and transport system providers and so on (Wang and Hanilton, 2004a; Hamilton, Wang et al., 2005).