ABSTRACT
requires updating in at least two respects. First, removal of conflict as a process occurs not only in battles over market share, which is how Hymer envisaged it, but also in the context of rather variegated and complex forms of organisational partnerships and alliances. Whereas battles over market share are essentially zero-sum games, competition within alliances has the potential to be a positive-sum game. Second, the oligopoly framework cannot explain either the full extent of participation in international operations or the full range of cross-border, inter-firm linkages observed in many industries.
