ABSTRACT
This chapter sets out a theoretical framework for the psychological predisposition of authoritarianism and develops predictions for the conditions under which authoritarianism increases support for illiberal policies and political parties. Psychological authoritarianism is conceptualized as the tension between a desire for personal autonomy and conformity to social norms and authority. Those high on the authoritarianism dimension place a substantially higher value on social conformity relative to personal autonomy. Authoritarianism becomes politically relevant, in this framework, when people perceive a threat to societal norms or authorities. This could result from increasing diversity in a country (immigration), or rapid social change (changing gender norms). The chapter then reviews empirical research that examines the effects of authoritarianism on prejudice toward minorities, acceptance of restrictions on civil liberties, support for illiberal political parties, voting for Donald Trump, and support for Brexit. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing promising avenues for future research.
