ABSTRACT

This chapter considers the interests, opportunities, resources, motivations, power, incentives, threats, and positions that work to shape the stances taken by groups and individuals in their daily economic activity. It outlines the sorts of conflict-within and among administrative levels and between private and public sectors-that this liberal policy has brought into play. The chapter addresses the tendency for various affected parties to over-respond to central-level orders they find favorable to their interests. It suggests how policy changes may result from the interaction between several forces-the presence of differing tendencies among the elite; conflicts and over-reactions among affected administrative levels and social groups. The Theoretical Education Editorial Office of Red Flag journal published a long analysis of Chen Yun's early 1950s' opinions on the state monopoly over the purchase and marketing of grain and other major products.