ABSTRACT
Revolutionary changes to the old eegime systems of justice were extensive and included the election of citizen judges and the use of juries in criminal matters. The juge de paix was one of the most novel and crucial new roles created to empower citizens. Enthusiasm was at first high, until internal and external crises demonstrated the need for an exceptional court, the Tribunal revolutionnaire, in 1793–1794. After Thermidor, there was a gradual reintegration of the judicial and administrative powers of the state. The citizen was evicted from their original central role in the judicial hierarchies by the Napoleonic Codes.
