ABSTRACT
“1815–1905: An Era of Tumult and Change” examines the near century that began with the Bourbon Restoration in 1815 and culminated in 1905 with the separation of church and state as well as the first Moroccan crisis. The roots of modern French society lie in this period, which was marked by political upheaval and which witnessed a variety of different political regimes, the abolition of slavery, the establishment of universal manhood suffrage, and the eventual conversion of the majority of French people to republicanism, as well as the development of a colonial empire. Equally important, these years also saw the rise of industrialization and urbanization, along with the emergence of a new mass culture.
