ABSTRACT
An indispensable weapon in the fight against terrorism and extremism is rehabilitation and community engagement. Unless governments work with partners to rehabilitate terrorists and extremists, they will pose a threat to security, spread their ideology, and be hailed as heroes. With terrorism and extremism emerging as the tier-one national security threat, it is vital for governments to maintain stability and security by developing rehabilitation programs for inmates and engagement programs for radicalized individuals in the community. The Southeast Asian region has recognized the significance of rehabilitation but not all the countries challenged by terrorism have succeeded in developing rehabilitation capabilities. While Malaysia and Singapore developed comprehensive and structured programs, Indonesia and the Philippines developed ad hoc and unstructured programs. Although the capabilities differed from country to country, ten modes of rehabilitation are practiced in the region. They are (1) religious, (2) social and family, (3) educational, (4) vocational, (5) entrepreneurial, (6) cultural, (7) financial, (8) creative arts, (9) recreational, and (10) psychological. These modes have been discussed in this chapter for better understanding for those who work in this area.
