ABSTRACT
This chapter on geospatial technologies in transport begins by describing the triple bottom line of sustainable transportation, which emphasizes the economic, social and environmental importance of transportation. The current use of geographic information systems for transportation (GIS-T) in national and regional (provincial or state) departments of transportation is then described. Transportation data models and the main ways in which GIS-T can be used by governments and businesses is explained. The current state of the art and use of “smart” geospatial technologies in “smart cities” and how these technologies interface with autonomous and connected autonomous vehicles is covered along with an account of the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) guidance for these new technologies. Fog Computing, Edge Computing, Cloud Computing and their importance in urban Traffic Management Systems (TMS) are all explained. How these computing technologies are used to manage Vehicle to Everything connectivity (including Vehicle to Device, to Infrastructure, to Grid, to Pedestrians and to other Vehicles) are all covered. The European Union TIMON Project, which leverages all these technologies in managing the transportation environment in Ljubljana, Slovenia, is used to demonstrate how these geospatial transportation technologies can be integrated to meet the goals of the triple line of sustainable transportation. The impacts on transportation users of the so-called disruptive “platform technologies” of ride-sharing ride-hailing companies such as Lyft and Uber are investigated. Finally, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on recreational and business transportation needs are highlighted using Google’s mobility reports.
