ABSTRACT
Trauma-informed care is critical for all individuals who have experienced traumatic events, but the value is increased where exposure to trauma is “complex”. This generally refers to situations in which trauma has occurred early in childhood, when it has occurred repeatedly, when it has occurred over prolonged periods of time, and when it is primarily interpersonal in nature. Under these circumstances, the individual is more likely to meet criteria for a trauma-related disorder. These conditions frequently present with a wide array of psychiatric and somatic symptoms; difficulties with affect regulation, identity, relationships with others; and a vulnerability to self-harm or victimisation (Herman, 1992). This chapter discusses mental disorders that are characterised by exposure to this type of trauma: Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and the Dissociative Disorders (DDs). These disorders collectively make up a considerable number of those in hospital inpatient and outpatient programs, and those requiring acute care. The psychological impact of exposure to traumatic stress, especially when interpersonal in nature, creates not only a prolonged emotional burden for those affected and those connected with them, but there are also substantial medical, financial, and social costs. It is important to identify and accurately diagnose individuals with these disorders, as evidence-based treatments are available and effective.
