ABSTRACT
Biofeedback training (BFT) and neurofeedback training (NFT) are designed based on the premise that every physiological change is associated with a parallel change in mental processes and emotional states. Psychological skills training (PST) in sports comprises a variety of psychological methods that aim to promote emotional competence, cognitive abilities, resilience, or mental strength, leading to improved sport performance. Greater clarity is required regarding the principles for effective BFT/NFT protocols and the underlying mechanisms for enhancing sport performance. In summary, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of electroencephalography (EEG) NFT for enhancing sport performance is equivocal. Although a large number of high-quality studies using randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs demonstrated a positive effect of EEG NFT on sport performance, a small number of RCT studies failed to show effects. BFT/NFT can be used to both assess and assist PST in reducing these interferences.
