This chapter explores what can reasonably be expected of all trained and qualified family doctors, working in primary care settings in any part of the world, when caring for people with mental health problems. A revised draft was then circulated and received further comments from the World Health Organisation’s Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, the World Psychiatric Association, the World Federation for Mental Health, the International Association for Communication in Healthcare, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. Many family doctors may feel uncertain or anxious about mental health problems, fearing they do not know enough about them, and worrying they will be overwhelmed and unable to cope. A young woman presents to people with recurring abdominal pain. Physical examination and special investigations, including blood tests and ultrasound, are normal. Family doctors manage people with common mental health problems, and the physical health of people with severe mental health problems.