ABSTRACT
This chapter explores what regulatory changes may be needed as ports become ‘smarter’. The ‘perfect’ smart port is characterised by calls by unmanned ships, automation of port operations and digitisation of port-related processes and handling of data. The port will be a mere machine functioning exclusively on the basis of artificial intelligence. Port towage is mostly regulated through local port regulations and/or contractual Terms and Conditions. Port management and operations may be controlled by the public and/or the private sector. The daily activities of the harbourmaster, who is in fact a specialised police officer for the port area, can be considerably facilitated by innovative technology. Port State Control supervises compliance with the technical safety and employment rules for shipping. The pilot is a local guide who advises the master on board when entering and leaving a port and carrying out other manoeuvres in it.
