ABSTRACT
The term “Chinese-type socialist road,” or “socialism with Chinese characteristics,” made its first formal appearance in Teng Hsiao-p’ing’s opening address to the Twelfth Chinese Communist Party National Congress on September 1, 1982. Teng himself indicated the basic direction of the socialist transformation. Teng also warned that "Marxist ideological and theoretical workers cannot be divorced from politics." Teng defended the wage system, contending that the introduction of a low-wage system was aimed at creating more employment opportunities and accelerating the development of production in society. The Selected Works of Teng is a national construction program for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Liu Shao-ch’i defined Mao Tse-tung thought as “teachings which unite the theories of Marxism-Leninism with the actual practice of the Chinese revolution. Some people on the Chinese mainland have advocated a theory of “prematurity” and a theory of “making up the missed lesson.”
