ABSTRACT
This chapter compares state/federal relations in four of the marine policy subsectors: coastal zone management; fisheries management; marine mammal and endangered species protection; and offshore oil development. In the case of marine mammal management, then, a federal-oriented statute, added to state and federal implementing agencies with divergent outlooks and orientations, and interest groups clearly supportive of federal control, have conspired to produce a pattern of conflictive state/federal interactions. Under both state law and the federal Coastal Zone Management Act, the California Coastal Commission has a multiple-use mandate to balance competing demands for using the ocean and the coastal zone. In summary, then, in the case of coastal zone management, the federal government embarked upon a national program of coastal planning in the 1970s, taking the lead in an area with little previous intergovernmental history. The case of coastal zone management, in general, also represents a case of “cooperative federalism”.
