ABSTRACT
The circulation of labor between two spheres of production— one capitalist, the other noncapitalist— is a key characteristic of early development in Africa. The demographic data are better for Malawi. Five censuses were taken during the first half of this century: 1911, 1921, 1926, 1931, and 1945. The population and migration data are critically presented by Kuczynski. The paucity of age data, particularly crucial for the demographer, is striking. Kuczynski does not do three things that would have aided his analysis. The fluctuation undoubtedly also results from uneven local and regional estimates. The resident population was 133,000 people less than the legal population. Large numbers of people crossed the boundaries of Malawi and Zambia without formally passing a border post, for reasons of convenience as well as for more explicitly political or economic motives. The index that estimates the impact of the outflow of emigrants on the adult male population can be calculated for Zambia for the same period.
