ABSTRACT
Marxism-Leninism is a composite of two parts. One, Marxism, is a theory that claims to explain social and economic development; the other, Leninism, is a blueprint for a political organization and a method to gain power and keep it. One-man rule is inherent in the communist system. The idea of ending the private ownership of the means of production has led in all communist countries to planned command economies of the party-controlled state as an essential part of the ideological program. The policy of the centrally planned economy is in trouble everywhere. An economic failure is demonstrable in all communist countries—even in noncommunist socialist systems without Leninism that had been attracted earlier by the appeal of state ownership of at least some parts of the means of production. Communist ideology as applied to China began as a doctrine that denied the existence of human rights for the individual person.
