ABSTRACT
This chapter assesses a portion of the entire range of the Japanese ocean policy system. It emphasizes primarily the policy formulation stage and deals only in passing with evaluation and termination. Policy formulation is the process by which three types of input considerations are adjusted in relation to each other to form an output: efficacy or efficiency; equity or justice; and order or security. Since Japan faced a traumatic transition in conceptual framework and regime and this had a major impact upon both the substance and process of the ocean policy, the chapter addresses this problem. It discusses other parts of the environment such as Japan’s place in world politics, her raw materials needs as a highly developed country, and her dependence upon the ocean. The chapter compares the substance and process of Japan’s ocean policies with those of other developed ocean-using states, particularly the United States.
