ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the development of the export control policies of the European neutrals. Export controls outside of the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls are in the words of Averell Harriman "perhaps the thorniest problem" of the Western strategic embargo. The conditions attached to the export of strategic goods, and their claim for jurisdiction over all technology of American origin, were the main instruments. American dissatisfaction with the results of detente and Soviet external behavior brought about a re-evaluation of the use of economic statecraft in East-West relations in the early 1980s. Austria's neutrality carries various obligations and restrictions for which, however, a rather broad interpretation is possible. After Austria's loss of export control innocence, it was logical to take the next step and apply the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls list formally. The great sensitivity of the problem is the result of Finland's special relationship with, and contiguity to, the Soviet Union.
