ABSTRACT
This chapter examines some international indices of environmental impact in relation to both macroeconomic indices and information about the nature of each country. It describes the macroeconomic measures adopted as explanatory variables. The chapter examines pooled time-series, cross-country data on industrial carbon dioxide emissions and on manufacturing emissions of toxins, water, and air pollutants, respectively. It deals with cross-country data at one point in time. The chapter addresses some issues of land use and water use; the following section takes up threats to various animal species. It considers several aspects of emissions. Many environmental lobby groups oppose progress toward free trade on the assumption that trade liberalization accelerates environmental damage. Suspended particles in the air, sulphur dioxide emissions, and releases of lead into the atmosphere all tend to decline in intensity as income per capita rises, though statistical confidence in fixed-effects is somewhat weaker.
