ABSTRACT
The reorganization illustrates the fact that while zapovedniks can be created easily, without some of the parliamentary procedures that the creation of national parks must go through in the United States, for example, they can also be abolished easily. In addition to the state system of zapovedniks, or national preserves, the same sort of preserve system exists at the union-republic and at the province level. Zapovedniks are defined by Soviet administrators as areas forever withdrawn from economic utilization, for scientific research and for cultural and educational purposes. Scientific study is the main feature of their management. Similarly, there is no unified management policy for zapovedniks; some are very tightly excluded from tourism, while others are open to wide-scale tourism; some are reserved for passive research, and others involve active research as well. Both the problems and the potentials of reserve areas are universal and tend to be independent of national, economic, and political systems: similar successes almost everywhere one looks.
