ABSTRACT
The Reformation movements tended to present themselves as a new start, with a radically critical attitude to the medieval church. The most radical solution takes place in Denmark, ruled by an uncompromising Lutheran king with close links to the leaders of the Wittenberg Reformation. The Reformation in Sweden went along with an opposition to Danish dominance in the country during the later years of the Kalmar Union. Denmark had emerged as the strongest partner in this union. In Sweden, the defenders of the Reformation also were the defenders of Swedish independence from Denmark. The Reformation definitely contributed to making Stockholm a much more important religious centre in Sweden. In addition to the archbishop, Norway also had another and even more important replacement of real Reformation heroes, namely Saint Olaf, who contributed to Norway’s reputation in the good times — the high Middle Ages.
