ABSTRACT
The long 20th century was a period of intense urban change in the relationship between water, transportation, and education in Egypt. As Egypt became increasingly urbanized, the state attempted to manage growth through the expansion of essential infrastructure, transportation, and access to all levels of education. Yet, the rhetoric of state policy did not match the reality of provision made available to Egyptians. As the urban environment expanded and the population grew, the state failed to meet the needs of citizens and access to services was uneven. This chapter elucidates the historical discontinuities and failures to follow through on grand national projects that have plagued the 20th-century Egypt.
