ABSTRACT
The chapter explores best practice strategy and tactics for consultation, and methods of engagement as used in the UK, Australia and Canada. Clearly the Arctic faces some very specific limitations, particularly in relation to digital connectivity. Communications theorist Grunig identified various models to demonstrate “excellence” in communication: press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetrical and two-way symmetrical. The Aaarhus Convention provides an overview of effective public participation through its three public rights, or “Pillars”: access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice. A strategic approach to consultation requires a symmetrical flow of information between a potential developer and the local community and must prioritise continual engagement, allowing development proposals to evolve in line with feedback, and for the process to adapt where necessary. The chapter focuses on the public participation implemented before an exploration or exploitation licence application is submitted.
