ABSTRACT
Turkey’s history is rife with examples of journalists being arrested, attacked, jailed or exiled. In the 1990s, there was a clear rise in violence against journalists, with Turkey ranking as the second most dangerous place to report from. Since the founding of the republic in 1923, Turkey has been ruled by numerous authoritarian regimes. Between 1946 and the military coup of 1960, one of the most important publications was a weekly magazine called Akis – set up in 1954 by Metin Toker. The military intervention on 27 May 1960 was the first coup in Turkey. In 1961, a new constitution was prepared, which was adopted following a referendum held on 9 July. Repression of journalists and especially of investigative journalists in Turkey has been going on since the foundation of the Turkish Republic, save for short periods of relative freedom, and has become almost ingrained in the political culture of the country.
