This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book presents the following interconnected concepts: Kohlberg’s three levels of moral maturity; Beabout and Wennemann’s moral decision-making framework; the Concept Alignment Process; and Keys’ two levels or types of risk-taking behaviors. The book explores these four concepts with the relationships between them as well as across aviation, healthcare, and occupational and environmental health. It presents an in-depth look at one maintenance inspector’s experiences in the aviation industry. The book looks at the aviation maintenance environment through the eyes of some mechanics and inspectors so that one get a glimpse of the professional work environment of a typical aircraft mechanic or inspector. It provides one example of how the Concept Alignment Process could be used to make decisions under varying levels of uncertainty.