ABSTRACT
Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has experienced various forms of governance, from multi-party democracy to one-party system to military rule. Despite numerous institutional weaknesses, it practiced electoral democracy between 1991 and 2006. However, in the past decade, the ruling party’s authoritarian bent has become easily discernible. This chapter explores this pathway. Once described as an “international basket case,” the country has succeeded in achieving economic progress, lifted millions out of poverty, made education accessible to almost all girl children, and reduced child and maternal mortality. The chapter explores various aspects of the country’s socioeconomic accomplishments, its long-term impacts, and ongoing challenges. The country’s regional and international relations highlight how it has maintained balanced relationships with its neighbors, especially India and Myanmar. The country has enormous potential thanks to its geostrategic location, homogeneity, and people’s resilience, but the chapter warns that unless the current political course is reversed, this country that was established with a promise of inclusive democracy and egalitarianism could flounder.
