ABSTRACT
Between 1922 and 1924, more than one million Christians from the Ottoman Empire settled in Greece and about 500,000 Muslims relocated to the newly formed Turkish state as a result of the Greek–Turkish war (1919–1922) and the population exchange agreement that followed. Under the pressure created by the end of the war in 1922, Greece and Turkey in Lausanne (January 1923) bilaterally decided to permanently resolve the issues caused by the existence of minority populations in their respective territories, with both countries aiming to promote interior security and stability. After 1924, a new reality was shaped in Greece, where new populations had to integrate and assimilate, overcoming language and cultural differences. This contribution aims to bring into stark relief the issue of population movement within the new nation states that were created in the territories of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century and all the multifaceted new realities created by the population exchange agreement in Greece. The focus will be on the policies of social integration and, more particularly, their implementation in urban and rural areas, the multiple ways the departure of Muslims from Greece created ample space for a process of “Hellenization” and the pivotal importance of refugee settlements in forging a novel Greek, social and demographic, map.
