ABSTRACT
The chapter explores the interconnected policies and procedures that make up the history of placemaking, with a large focus on the role of creatives in the placemaking process. It lays some groundwork for the reader in the historical policies and procedures which make up the scope of placemaking, with a large focus on the ‘creative placemaking’ movement of the last ten years. The chapter describes an American history of placemaking from an economic development policy perspective. It processes in detail, using examples of where people build place despite harsh physical conditions and/or great injustice lives. The chapter presents a history of repressed cultures and the places they built in response to that repression, suggesting that there is much to be learned from these histories in our new work ahead.
