ABSTRACT
Terrorism is a global threat and the U.S. mainland is no longer virgin territory for such threats and attacks. „e 1993 World Trade Center bombing was the –rst indication of this, although this observation went unrealized for nearly a decade a¡erward. „e 1995 attack on the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City showed that domestic terrorists are as capable as Islamic fundamentalists of wreaking havoc and claiming lives. A bomb attack involving an improvised explosive device (IED) can occur at any time-day or night, weekday or weekend. „e blast may happen outside or inside and in any type of weather. „e damage caused by the device, even if only a small amount of explosive is used, can be devastating. Even if a location was not the intended target, collateral damage caused by the blast can be quite substantial, both physically and psychologically to those involved. In the Oklahoma City bombing, more than 100 businesses sustained damage in some shape or form, many quite extensive. In the case of the 9/11 terrorist attack against the World Trade Center, Lower Manhattan’s infrastructure components were severely
disrupted. „e damage included telephone landlines, water, gas, and electrical services, which were interrupted or severely damaged to the point that the business interruption was catastrophic, even among the companies and buildings that received no physical damage. Travel for the public was so restricted within the aœected area that employees could not get to their workplace.
