ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we outline and critically compare four major types of methods for assessing place attachment across geographic scales and then discuss future directions for methodological development concerning the interplay between the geographic and temporal variability of place attachment. We demonstrate that while there is general consensus that individuals are more attached to geographically and cognitively defined places, research on place attachment across geographic scales, particularly beyond the city scale, is underdeveloped and contains examples of mixed and sometimes contradictory findings. We present a conceptual framework for representing the spectrum of methods for assessing place attachment across geographic scales, and with reference to important related constructs of place values and place meanings.
