ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the impact of urbanisation on geomorphic processes in relation to rivers, glacial deposits, subsidence, karst, beaches and expansive soils. Control of river flooding by building levee banks, a process often termed channelisation, is widely used. The lakes also store floodwaters diverted from the river by lifting offtake weir-gates upstream of the water parks. In the anabranching river systems of the inland deltas of the Niger, Nile and Darling River systems distributary channels may overflow in rare floods, creating temporary broad expanses of surface water across the imperceptibly sloping alluvial plains. Mexico City lies in the internal drainage basin of Lake Texcoco and excess water has had to be diverted by taking artificial channels across the watershed to the Tula River to the north. In Florida, soil washed off housing sites accumulates in the depressions, reducing seepage through the sinkhole and inducing sinkhole-related flooding.
