ABSTRACT
Out-of-school children (OOSCY) are a serious global issue in the 21st century. Non-formal education can be vital for those OOSCY through the flexible, contextualized, and needs-based nature of the approach. However, quality assurance and accreditation of NFE stakeholders as well as recognition and certification of quality learning outcomes of NFE are essential for everyone as all have the right to education and right to participate in socio-economic activities. Asian countries, such as Indonesia, the Philippines, and Pakistan, have developed an equivalency system among formal, non-formal, and informal education to provide lifelong and life-wide learning opportunities for a neglected population.
