ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we compare popular education (CEDEP) with public adult education (EJA) and government-sponsored literacy programs (PDFA) in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. In particular, we explore the case of adult education practice in Brasilia. We will explain the change following the shift from literacy classes in popular education to literacy classes in the government-sponsored literacy program and the difference between EJA and those literacy classes to illustrate the qualitative differences between them. While the position of EJA, which is in the format of formal school education, is fixed, the positions of PDFA and CEDEP on the vertical axis are scattered. This illustrates the multi-layered aspect and diversity of non-formal education. From the cases of PDFA and CEDEP, although the degrees of official legitimacy of the certificate are not very different from the actual benefits, the conditions required for teachers and the regulations of the educational system are largely different from CEDEP and PDFA.
