ABSTRACT
Crisis Management (CM) and Environmentalisin (ENV) are two of the "new key functions of business" that have arisen within the past five to ten years. Business now operates within an environment that is global and complex and systemic (i.e., the forces acting on business are interconnected and interdependent as never before). CM consists of a series of activities for the design, redesign, and implementation of key plans, procedures, and mechanisms for crisis detection, prevention, preparation, containment, recovery, and learning. ENV involves risk assessment of threats to the environment posed by inherent defects in products and the manufacturing processes used to produce them. ENV also focuses on minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources. ENV has a dedicated infrastructure so that not only are lines of communication open internally, but open lines exist to external environmentalist groups, which often includes those with which a company does not particularly agree.
