ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces, conceptualises and contextualises community-based initiatives (CBIs). CBIs are nowadays emerging in numerous countries across the globe, albeit under various names, such as social enterprises, community organisations, and more. However, what they all have in common is that citizens get ownership and take direct action in developing and implementing public services and goods. Community engagement is not a new concept; it has been with us for some time, although under various identities. We identify three waves of community engagement which all have their own specific characteristics and zeitgeist. CBIs emerged in the third wave. This volume aims to provide a deeper understanding of CBIs in various country contexts. Moreover, it seeks to understand how and under which contextual conditions governance capacity emerges; this capacity is the combined efforts and resources of CBIs and governmental institutions in effectively and legitimately dealing with wicked issues. The chapter ends by introducing the various contributions and outlines further reading.
