ABSTRACT
This chapter examines, on the basis of empirical data and the author's “intimate knowledge through direct contact”, the role of the education system in the construction of national identity in Djibouti, from the country's independence in 1977 to the present day. It shows that initially, from 1977 to 1999, schools were little mobilised in the nation-building process. This period corresponds to the presidency of the first head of state, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a leader with an educational background that was more “traditional” than academics. The chapter then analyses the role that was assigned to schools in the creation of Djibouti's national identity after the latter's departure from power in 1999. A turning point can be seen: Djibouti's national identity is now at the heart of education policy. This development is part of school reforms drawn up in December 1999 and enacted into law in July 2000 at the initiative of Gouled's successor.
