Introduction

A state’s prioritisation of defence waxes and wanes according to threat assessments. Russia’s military build-up and subversive activities constitute today’s most important challenge to the defence of Europe. NATO views the Russian challenge in terms of not only growing capabilities and expanding exercises, but also of Moscow’s willingness to employ military force to achieve political ends. The invasions of Georgia and Ukraine demonstrate that Russia is prepared to violate international law to advance its national interests and regional ambitions. The defence of Northern Europe, spanning NATO members and key partners, depends on the Alliance’s ability to execute its core mission of deterrence and collective defence, and a credible NATO depends principally on US leadership. While the European states must increase their defence budgets, the US remains the single most important actor in any strategy to contest and contain Russia. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.