ABSTRACT
Interwar Austria produced a number of radical conservative and nationalist movements that aligned with fascist trends across Europe. These formations sometimes disagreed over questions of ideology and tactics, but they more frequently made common cause in a fight against the new republic, relying on their shared antisemitism, anti-parliamentarism, anti-socialism, anti-modernism, and ethnonationalism. In the years 1918–1920, as Austria struggled through the dissolution of its empire and the humiliations of the Treaty of Saint-Germain, radical conservatives mobilised effectively. The early 1920s saw surges of fascist activity, usually corresponding to major political and economic events – parliamentary elections and the hyperinflation of 1923 being the most notable. Generally, radical movements enjoyed less appeal during the relatively stable years that followed.
