ABSTRACT
Terrorism is known as collective act that includes violence to achieve social or political effect. Socialists and other social scientists have studied terrorism as a social phenomenon. The psychological and behavioural process of terrorists comprises three discrete phases: ‘becoming a terrorist, being a terrorist remaining involved and engaging in actual terrorist offences and disengaging from terrorism’. The authorities provide the detainees with books to educate them and a discussion room for extremists to have a chat with the authorities. Singapore has implemented an effective deradicalisation programme. In places like Europe, where there are fewer Muslims, the West does not see radicalisation in a theological context. Deradicalisation can be defined as a process aimed at those with extreme and violent religious or political ideologies to adopt more moderate and non-violent views. Indonesia has a national body that specialises in handling terrorism, known as Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (National Counter-Terrorism Agency) or BNPT.
