ABSTRACT
Justice Story thought the appearance of cabinet members on the floor of Congress desirable for several reasons. The argument that the members of the executive would be able to bring overriding pressure to bear on Congress by the force of their speeches delivered in person on the floor of the houses is not convincing. This chapter examines executive policy-making in foreign relations because the most important policies which are made by the executive without consultation with Congress are those which have to do with foreign matters. The modern president already has and uses many ways of appealing directly to the people over the head of Congress when the two branches are deadlocked on policy. The solution which must be reached is to subject the whole field of executive action to the deliberative power of Congress and at the same time prevent that power from being used in an irresponsible manner.
