ABSTRACT
The French historian, Fernand Braudel, in his introduction to The Mediterranean explained that in exploring the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II he had to write three histories. At most times in history there has been a consistent fundamental view of nature. The Aristotelian view was that the world was much like nature: The processes of the world were like the seed from which a tree grows. There was a higher transcendent order and a lower human order. The Newtonian and Copernican revolutions changed that view significantly. The Enlightenment changed it further, creating a new and relatively seamless world view. The civil rights movement in the 1950s was, by and large, a leadership-oriented, elitist movement. It was relatively small in scale, and its primary goal was getting Blacks accepted into white society. The goal was a place for Blacks in white communities, white factories, white offices, and white voting booths.
